Arthritis
Arthritis is one of the most common chronic health conditions in the United States, affecting more than 58 million adults—yet it remains widely misunderstood. On a special segment of TODAY, NBC News medical contributor Dr. Natalie Azar and board-certified clinical specialist in orthopedic physical therapy Karena Wu joined the show to break down what you need to know about arthritis: the types, the symptoms, and the latest treatment options to help manage pain and improve quality of life.
Here’s your comprehensive arthritis checklist.
What Is Arthritis?
Arthritis is not a single disease but a general term for conditions that cause inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the joints. While it’s often associated with aging, arthritis can affect people of all ages—including children.
“Arthritis is an umbrella term,” said Dr. Azar. “There are over 100 different types. Some are wear-and-tear based, while others are autoimmune.”
Types of Arthritis
1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
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Most common type
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Often described as “wear-and-tear” arthritis
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Typically affects weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine
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Cartilage wears down over time, leading to bone-on-bone friction
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
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An autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks joint linings
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Can affect joints symmetrically (e.g., both wrists, both knees)
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May also cause fatigue, fever, and systemic inflammation
3. Psoriatic Arthritis
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Linked with the skin condition psoriasis
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Can affect joints and cause swelling in fingers and toes
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May also involve the eyes and spine
4. Gout
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Caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in joints
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Often begins with sudden, intense pain in the big toe
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Linked to diet, alcohol, and genetics
5. Juvenile Arthritis
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A group of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that affect children
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Can impact growth and physical development if left untreated
Common Symptoms
While symptoms can vary depending on the type of arthritis, some are shared across the board:
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Joint pain or stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of rest
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Swelling in or around the joints
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Limited range of motion
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Redness or warmth around the joint
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Fatigue or general malaise, especially in inflammatory types like RA
“Pain that lasts more than a few weeks and limits your daily activities is something to pay attention to,” said Dr. Azar.
Diagnosis
A proper diagnosis involves a combination of:
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Medical history and physical examination
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Blood tests (to identify markers of inflammation or autoimmune activity)
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Imaging such as X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds to assess joint damage
Early detection is crucial, particularly for inflammatory types of arthritis. “The sooner you get a diagnosis, the better the outcome,” emphasized Dr. Azar.
Treatment Options
“There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment,” said physical therapist Karena Wu. “The approach depends on the type and severity of arthritis.”
1. Medications
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NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) to reduce pain and inflammation
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Corticosteroids to quickly relieve severe inflammation
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DMARDs and biologics for autoimmune types (RA, psoriatic arthritis)
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Uric acid–lowering drugs for gout
2. Physical Therapy
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Wu highlights the importance of targeted exercises to improve joint function and reduce stiffness.
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“Low-impact movement—like walking, swimming, or yoga—is key to managing symptoms.”
3. Lifestyle Adjustments
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Weight management: Excess weight can place added stress on joints, especially hips and knees
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Balanced diet: Anti-inflammatory foods (omega-3s, leafy greens, whole grains) can help
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Joint protection techniques: Proper posture, supportive footwear, and assistive devices
4. Advanced Options
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Joint injections: Cortisone or hyaluronic acid
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Surgical interventions: Joint replacement may be an option for advanced cases
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Regenerative therapies: Including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cells—still being studied
Tips for Daily Life with Arthritis
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Keep moving: Regular activity can reduce stiffness and pain
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Modify your environment: Use ergonomic tools, grips, and kitchen aids
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Stay consistent with care: Regular follow-ups with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist
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Listen to your body: Don’t push through intense joint pain
Bottom Line
Arthritis may be common, but it doesn’t have to be disabling. With the right combination of medical care, physical therapy, and self-management strategies, people with arthritis can lead full and active lives.
“Knowledge is power,” said Dr. Azar. “Knowing the type of arthritis you have and how to manage it can make all the difference in your quality of life.”
Whether you’re experiencing joint pain for the first time or have been managing arthritis for years, staying informed is the first step toward better mobility—and less pain.
