Arthritis
Arthritis is one of the most common chronic health conditions in the United States, affecting more than 58 million adults—yet it remains widely misunderstood. On a special segment of TODAY, NBC News medical contributor Dr. Natalie Azar and board-certified clinical specialist in orthopedic physical therapy Karena Wu joined the show to break down what you need to know about arthritis: the types, the symptoms, and the latest treatment options to help manage pain and improve quality of life.
Here’s your comprehensive arthritis checklist.
What Is Arthritis?
Arthritis is not a single disease but a general term for conditions that cause inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the joints. While it’s often associated with aging, arthritis can affect people of all ages—including children.
“Arthritis is an umbrella term,” said Dr. Azar. “There are over 100 different types. Some are wear-and-tear based, while others are autoimmune.”
Types of Arthritis
1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Most common type
Often described as “wear-and-tear” arthritis
Typically affects weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine
Cartilage wears down over time, leading to bone-on-bone friction
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
An autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks joint linings
Can affect joints symmetrically (e.g., both wrists, both knees)
May also cause fatigue, fever, and systemic inflammation
3. Psoriatic Arthritis
Linked with the skin condition psoriasis
Can affect joints and cause swelling in fingers and toes
May also involve the eyes and spine
4. Gout
Caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in joints
Often begins with sudden, intense pain in the big toe
Linked to diet, alcohol, and genetics
5. Juvenile Arthritis
A group of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that affect children
Can impact growth and physical development if left untreated
Common Symptoms
While symptoms can vary depending on the type of arthritis, some are shared across the board:
Joint pain or stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of rest
Swelling in or around the joints
Limited range of motion
Redness or warmth around the joint
Fatigue or general malaise, especially in inflammatory types like RA
“Pain that lasts more than a few weeks and limits your daily activities is something to pay attention to,” said Dr. Azar.
Diagnosis
A proper diagnosis involves a combination of:
Medical history and physical examination
Blood tests (to identify markers of inflammation or autoimmune activity)
Imaging such as X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds to assess joint damage
Early detection is crucial, particularly for inflammatory types of arthritis. “The sooner you get a diagnosis, the better the outcome,” emphasized Dr. Azar.
Treatment Options
“There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment,” said physical therapist Karena Wu. “The approach depends on the type and severity of arthritis.”
1. Medications
NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) to reduce pain and inflammation
Corticosteroids to quickly relieve severe inflammation
DMARDs and biologics for autoimmune types (RA, psoriatic arthritis)
Uric acid–lowering drugs for gout
2. Physical Therapy
Wu highlights the importance of targeted exercises to improve joint function and reduce stiffness.
“Low-impact movement—like walking, swimming, or yoga—is key to managing symptoms.”
3. Lifestyle Adjustments
Weight management: Excess weight can place added stress on joints, especially hips and knees
Balanced diet: Anti-inflammatory foods (omega-3s, leafy greens, whole grains) can help
Joint protection techniques: Proper posture, supportive footwear, and assistive devices
4. Advanced Options
Joint injections: Cortisone or hyaluronic acid
Surgical interventions: Joint replacement may be an option for advanced cases
Regenerative therapies: Including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cells—still being studied
Tips for Daily Life with Arthritis
Keep moving: Regular activity can reduce stiffness and pain
Modify your environment: Use ergonomic tools, grips, and kitchen aids
Stay consistent with care: Regular follow-ups with a rheumatologist or orthopedic specialist
Listen to your body: Don’t push through intense joint pain
Bottom Line
Arthritis may be common, but it doesn’t have to be disabling. With the right combination of medical care, physical therapy, and self-management strategies, people with arthritis can lead full and active lives.
“Knowledge is power,” said Dr. Azar. “Knowing the type of arthritis you have and how to manage it can make all the difference in your quality of life.”
Whether you’re experiencing joint pain for the first time or have been managing arthritis for years, staying informed is the first step toward better mobility—and less pain.
